Graphemes, Phonemes and Stress

PHONEME

Any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds (as the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language.



GRAPHEME 


from collins dictionary grapheme is:

one of a set of orthographic symbols (letters or combinations of letters) in a given language that serve to distinguish one word from another and usually correspond to or represent phonemes, e.g. the f in fun, the ph in phantom, and the gh in laugh

A grapheme, in linguistics, is a minimal unit in a writing system. It consists of one or more symbols representing a phoneme. Graphemes are individually related in writing or print to graphs.




STRESS


In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or sentence. The term is also used for similar patterns of phonetic prominence inside syllables